The Fourth Millennium Development Goal - 1230 Words

†¢ The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 4) established by the United Nations in 2000 is to reduce child mortality. Its target is to reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the mortality rate of children under five. †¢ Since then, the under-five mortality has decreased globally by 47% and many countries are well on their way to achieving MDG 4. Unfortunately Pakistan is not one of those countries, and its progress has been incredibly slow. †¢ Progress on MDG 4 is measured against six key indicators, but despite some gains, the country is off track for 5 out of the 6 indicators. †¢ 1) The under-five mortality rate which has seen a moderate decline from 117 per thousand live births in 1990 to 89 per thousand live births in 2013. However the target for this indicator is 52, and Pakistan is well off track from achieving. †¢ 2) The infant mortality rate, in the same time period dropped from 102 to 74 per thousand live births, which is not an optimistic number seeing as the target for this indicator is 40. †¢ 3) The proportion of fully immunized children 12-23 months is aimed at 90 per 1000 children. The latest National value shows improvement from 53% in 2001 to 80% in 2013 yet there is an urgent need to speed up this process; immunization against the common communicable diseases is important in preventing morbidity and mortality against children. †¢ 4) Proportion of 1-year children immunized against measles shares the same aim (90) as indicator 3 although the figureShow MoreRelatedMillennium Development Goals : The Millennium Goals1518 Words   |  7 PagesMillennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are, eight goals put in place by the 191 UN states, the goals are set to be reached by the year 2015. Signed September of 2000, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015, the United Millennium Declaration commits leaders of the world to combat literacy, hunger, environmental degradation, disease, and discrimination against women. 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The MDGs report of 2015 was analyzedRead MorePopulation Growth And Its Effects1409 Words   |  6 Pagesdown. The United Nations have created the Millennium Development Goals which help develop some of the poorest countries in the world. It is believed that if conditions in these countries improve and if they develop more then the population growth rate will go down. If this happens then it is believed that some of the environmental problems will go away.The Millennium Development Goals are a set of eight goals that each include a few targets to achieve the goal. They are basically a to do list to helpRead MoreOriental Institute Museum Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesOriental institute Museum is part of the university of chicago, a research facility Opposed to a teaching facility such as Wright college, the university is located in one of the most upcoming areas, also given one of many best chicago neighborhood development awards. This would explain why Hyde Park was a back drop for the presidential election bringing forth one of the most loved and revered presidents, President Barack Obama. Prior to my mandatory trip to this side of chicago I was unaware of suchRead MoreSustainable Development Goals Of The United Nations957 Words   |  4 PagesNations, as an organization that always devotes to promoting the development of human beings, has proposed a set of sustainable development goals in place of the old Millennium Development Goals. Goal 7, which is related to energy and includes 5 targets, is aimed to â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.† Measurability of the Targets From a personal perspective, it seems that most targets within Goal 7 are measurable. The first target, â€Å"by 2030 ensure universalRead MoreEssay Sustainable Development and Population Control1569 Words   |  7 PagesSustainable Development and Population Control      Ã‚  Ã‚   A nineteen year old pregnant Chinese girl is forced to abort because she is too young to have a child. Iran, an Islamic nation, instructs religious leaders to promote contraception as a social duty. A Norwegian international banker worries about migratory tensions that would engulf his nation with waves of third world immigrants. A Los Angles Times article decries the lack of an official United States population policy. What do theseRead MoreThe Last Class Session Of New York City921 Words   |  4 Pagesto rehabilitation of governments. Likewise, the Department of Political Affairs was established in 1992 with a major purpose of conflict prevention through diplomacy. The UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or the Rio Summit, held in 1992, agreed on the sustainable development agenda. Another conference, World Conference on Human Rights in 1993 reaffirmed the inherent rights of man. These events and initiatives operated as silos; that is, there was no deliberate effort to coordinate

Modern Judaism And Traditional Judaism Essay - 2020 Words

There are a fair amount of differences between modern and traditional Judaism. As this is the case it is only natural that many well-known people in all walks of life can be considered â€Å"modern Jews.† This distinction is very important because as more famous people practice a more modern Jewish culture and lifestyle, more of the younger generations of the world quickly follow suit. Not only is modern Judaism accommodating towards modern scholarship, science, culture and a general modernity of the world, it goes as far as even welcoming it. This is because modern Judaism takes a fairly inclusive stance towards all that modern society has to offer and provide. (Waxman, 1993) In modern Judaism, interaction with different culture and knowledge is encouraged, not for the sake of facilitating the Torah as it is in the traditional Judaism but for the sake of the person, as this outside knowledge is seen to be part of a larger truth. (Elias, 1960) With these general distinctions b etween traditional and modern Judaism, it is easy to find examples of people in popular culture who fit into the classification. One person who could be argued to be a good example of a modern Jew – someone who takes part in life outside of Jewish culture and welcomes with open arms modernity – is Woody Allen. As an 80 year old man, Allen has had to struggle with the shift from traditional to modern Judaism and create a mixture (or lack thereof) that works for him. As an individual tying his whole life toShow MoreRelatedModern Judaism And Traditional Judaism Essay2018 Words   |  9 Pages There is a fair amount of differences between modern and traditional Judaism. 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(Page 126) The Reform, Orthodox, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Humanistic are modern branches of Judaism that ...reconcile centuries-old-traditions with the new ways of thinking and living promoted by the European Enlightenment (Oxford, 126). The Reform branch of Judaism is the most liberal of all the others and the issues regarding traditional ritualsRead MoreThe Role of Judaism in Family Relationships: Article Analysis1235 Words   |  5 PagesKrieger, Aliza. The Role of Judaism in Family Relationships. Introduction: According to Aliza Krieger, author of the article titled The Role of Judaism in Family Relationships, because Judaism plays an important role in a Jewish persons identity, Judaism should be incorporated into family-based therapy. Judaism itself is more than just a persons religious beliefs, it is also part of a Jewish persons ethnicity and culture as well. And because Judaism plays an important role in familyRead MoreJudaism : The Religious Life Of Israel1590 Words   |  7 Pages Judaism, while there are many, is one of the oldest surviving religions in the world. Judaism is a way of describing an approach to serving God. It is the term used to describe the religious life of Israel. Judaism is a way of life that has been observed by the Jewish people for almost 3,300 years, starting when the ancestral Father of Israel, Abraham was chosen by God. Jews deem themselves as descendants of Abraham and Sarah, Rachel and Jacob and Leah, Zilpah and Bilhah, and Isaac and Rebekah.Read MoreWhat is homosexuality? Homosexuality is the romantic or sexual attraction or sexual behavior900 Words   |  4 Pagesrights. What is Judaism? Judaism is the religion, philosophy, and the way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is a monotheistic religion. It is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the children of Israel. Traditional Judaism views homosexual acts as wrong, but more liberal branches of Judaism (Conservati ve, Reform, and Reconstructionist) are more supportive of homosexuality. Many Traditional, or Orthodox, Judaism reject civil andRead MoreMoses Mendelssohn s Thoughts On Judaism907 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts on Judaism, mainly laid out in Jerusalem, Or on Religious Authority and Judaism, were meant to show non-Jews that Judaism was already compatible with enlightenment ideas as is. He had no thoughts on changing how Jews practiced Judaism in any way. Mendelssohn himself remained an observant Jew and felt he could do so while still studying and contributing to secular subjects. However, early reformers believed that the practice of Judaism needed to be changed for Jews to fit into modern times. 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It is the s acred Jewish book of commandments given to Moses from God at the top of Mount Sinai, which contains all of the 613 mitzva that guide Jewish adherents to be faithful to the covenant

Operations Management of the Toyota Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management of the Toyota Company. Answer: Introduction The assignment focuses on the operations management of the Toyota Company. Toyota Corporation is one of the biggest Japanese multinational automotive producers, headquartered in Japan. This company is the biggest listed corporation as accounted by market capitalization and revenue. This company is known as the most profitable automaker in the world due to its radical system for service procedure, reduction of waste and improvement in quality. This study covers the scope, nature and responsibilities of administering operations that includes- quality management, inventory, supply chains and so on (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2012). The KPI has been justified for the perspectives of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) that aligns with Toyotas operational performance. The seven dimensions of quality as proposed by David A Gravin and its importance for Toyota is also discussed in this paper. The study also elucidates on how Toyota applies Kaizen and total quality management (TQM) for achieving improvement in business operations. Explaining KPI for the perspectives of BSC aligning with Toyotas operational performance The BSC relates to the performance management tool that is supported by automation tools and design methods that is used by the managers of organizations for keeping track of execution of business activities and monitoring the outcome occurring from these activities. This concept provides a view on the companys strategy from four different perspectives, which includes- Financial perspective- It focuses on the companys financial performance measures including net income, return on investment, revenue, profit and so on. This perspective is critical for the managers for keeping track of financial performance. Internal procedure perspective- This perspective focuses on the internal operational targets and also covers objectives relating to these processes that is necessary for delivering customer objectives. Customer perspective-This focuses on the performance goal relating to target customers. It mainly covers growth of customers, branding objectives and service targets. Learning and progress perspective- This focuses on different components or intangible drivers including- information capital, human capital and companys capital. KPI ( Key performance indicators) refers to the performance metrics that analyzes how well the enterprise achieve their targets. This metrics allows managers of company to focus on administering vital activities, strategies and business risk. The two KPI recommended for each perspective of BSC for aligning Toyotas operational performance are given below: Financial perspective- The two KPI recommended for this perspective are profit margin and sales growth (Marr, 2012). Toyotas operational performance can be measured with the help of their profit margin and growth in sales. Customer perspective- The two KPI suggested for this perspective in order to align with Toyotas operational performance are customer satisfaction and customer retention. Both these KPI will help the company measure their customer loyalty and operation management. Internal procedure perspective- The two KPI recommended for this perspective are quality cost and capacity utilization. This will help Toyota to increase the efficiency and quality of internal operations. Learning and progress perspective- The two KPI recommended for this perspective are employees engagement and their skills assessment. Thus, this will help Toyota to understand the amount to be invested for improving their staffs skills. Seven dimensions of quality proposed by David A Gravin and its significance for Toyota David A Gravin is an expert in quality control area who opines that quality can be utilized by a company in strategic manner for competing effectively with other rivalries. Proper quality strategy takes into account different dimensions of quality, which are given below: Performance- It involves different operating features of product and other measurable attributes such as brands ranked objectively etc. Reliability-It relates to the extent of dependability of benefit of commodity for long time frame. Durability- It estimates time length that the commodity performs before its replacement. Characteristics- This relates to additional features that increases appeal of product to the customer. Conformance- It indicates the extent to which product conforms to the pre- established condition. The quality goods are usually expected to meet set standard Aesthetics-This signifies subjective dimension that indicates type of response a customer gives for a product. It usually represents customers personal preference. Serviceability- This indicates promptness, proficiency and courtesy when the commodity breaks down in marketplace. These seven dimensions of quality has huge importance for Toyota as they adopts unique approach to producing product that is lean production. This kind of manufacturing involves five part procedure that involves defining value for customer, defining the stream value, striving for excellence and pulling from consumer back. They mainly concentrate on making flow of product through their value- added procedure without any interruption. In addition, as this company has been operating in the global market, they face several challenges from their competitors in terms of price and quality of product. However, this dimension has huge significance for Toyota as it helps them to maintain consistency in producing quality product and sustain in vulnerable competition (Brown et al., 2013). Moreover, much of this company success basically comes from their astounding reputation in quality. Kaizen and Total Quality Management Total quality management refers to the procedure by which the management as well as employees of the company becomes involved in improving the quality of goods and services to their customers. It is the continuous effort made by the organization for ensuring loyalty of their customer and their satisfaction level (Abdallah, 2013). It also ensures that each worker are working towards improvement of business culture, systems, processes and attain long tern success in the business. Most of the organizations use this approach for improving their internal operations, increasing productivity, reducing waste and eliminating inventories. Continuous improvement mainly depends on the Japanese concept termed as Kazien. This philosophy refers to the different methods used by the organizations for improving their operations. It generally involves identification of best practices benchmarks and instilling sense of workers ownership of procedure (Knechtges Decker, 2016). It focuses mainly on decreasing the time length required for the specific procedure, problems with suppliers as well as customers etc. This is mainly the long- term approach in work, which methodically seeks to attain small changes in the procedure for improving efficiency as well as quality. Toyota applying Kaizen and TQM for achieving continuous improvement Both Kazien as well as TQM is the hub of the production system of Toyota. Like every mass manufacturing system, this company process need that every mechanical as well as human task be defined precisely and standardized for ensuring high quality, increasing efficiency and eliminating waste. As the members of the this corporation have the responsibility to follow standardized guildlines in their work and seek continuous improvement, they adopts both these TQM and Kazien (Yang Yang, 2013). In addition, the day to day improvement which the team members as well as leaders makes in their operation practices as well as equipment are basically known as Kazien. Furthermore, implementing these two approaches also helps the company to strive improvement in each sphere of their activities that ranges from basic production procedure to serving quality product o their customer. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that strategic operation management is necessary for every organization to operate in the global market. Furthermore, implementation of TQM and Kazien also helps the company to innovate product with best quality and improve their quality of work at every level of operations. The above case study reflects that Toyota has applied TPS ( Toyota production System) in manufacturing product, which is the basis of lean production movement that dominates their production trends over the last few years. References Abdallah, A. B. (2013). The influence of soft and hard total quality management (TQM) practices on total productive maintenance (TPM) in Jordanian manufacturing companies.International Journal of Business and Management,8(21), 1. Brown, S., Blackmon, K., Cousins, P., Maylor, H. (2013).Operations management: policy, practice and performance improvement. Routledge. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W. (2012). The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,135(2), 687-701. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Hitt, M. A., Xu, K., Carnes, C. M. (2016). Resource based theory in operations management research.Journal of Operations Management,41, 77-94. Knechtges, P., Decker, M. C. (2014). Application of kaizen methodology to foster departmental engagement in quality improvement.Journal of the American college of radiology,11(12), 1126-1130. Marr, B. (2012).Key Performance Indicators (KPI): The 75 measures every manager needs to know. Pearson UK. Tjader, Y., May, J. H., Shang, J., Vargas, L. G., Gao, N. (2014). Firm-level outsourcing decision making: A balanced scorecard-based analytic network process model.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 614-623. Yang, C. C., Yang, K. J. (2013). An integrated model of the Toyota production system with total quality management and people factors.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(5), 450-461. Zehir, C., Ertosun, . G., Zehir, S., Mceldilli, B. (2012). Total quality management practices effects on quality performance and innovative performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,41, 273-280.

Synopsis Of A Clockwork Orange Essay Example For Students

Synopsis Of A Clockwork Orange Essay Synopsis of A Clockwork Orange In A Clockwork Orange, the main character is that of a mildly young child of 15 who, along with his fellow friends, or Droogs, partake in evenings of Ultra-Violence. Ultra Violence consists of random beatings, theft, destruction, and rape. The main character, Alex, is the self-proclaimed leader of the pack, and makes judgment on their actions pending on his mood. His Droogs eventually find themselves under his direct rule, following his every word, and decide to challenge his authority. The three Droogs (Dim, Georgie, and Pete) join Alex on his romp to a local fat farm to pillage the goods therein. Inside, Alex stumbles upon the owner of the resort, and after a length scuffle with her, ends up giving her a blow to the head with a rather large, ceramic replica of an erect penis. When he leaves the outer gates of the complex, Dim surprises him by smacking a milk bottle against his face. His counterparts escape while little Alex is left bleeding and blinde d to deal with the police. Upon interrogation of Alex, he discovers that the blow he delivered to the young lady was a fatal one. He is charged with first-degree murder and sentenced to 14 years in prison. While there, he befriends the resident minister and becomes a helper to his service. The minister, Alex soon discovers, is a part in a new form of treatment that is trying to be implemented prisons to help cure inmates from committing acts of violence. Through luck and discussion with the higher officials in the prison, Alex is chose to be a guinea pig for the experiment, and is sent to become inoculated from violence. The treatment consisted of Alex being strapped down to a chair in front of a cinema screen, having electrodes attached to his head, and being kept focused by small pairs of clamps used to disable his ability to blink. This, along with the injection of an experimental serum, is monitored whilst he views movies of UltraViolence. The serum leaves him vulnerable to his surroundings, which are destructive films, and induces such feelings of helplessness, fear, and near-death paralysis, similar to that of drowning. Alex soon associates this feeling of distraught with the violence, and with the background music being played throughout the entire ordeal: Beethoven, Alexs main love. The final result is that whenever Alex is confronted with either violent acts of any kind, or the sweet strings of Ludwig Van, he is soon on his knees in pain and agony. When he is released, his parents abandon him. He meets up with a few members of his old gang that have turned into crooked cops, and with their newfound power and long-lasting loathe of Alex, they beat him much and leave him for dead, this of which brought on the sickness that he was conditioned for. Stumbling in the dark for help, he comes across a polite looking residence that looked vaguely familiar. Eventually, Alex realizes that he is in the presence of a former victim of his, but believes that the own er would not recognize him. To his dismay, the author did recognize him after hearing Alex sing a song in a very similar fashion to the way his attackers did 2 years ago. After slipping a sedative into Alexs wine, Alex wakes up to find himself in a locked room on the second floor of an apartment high-rise. Through the floorboards, Alex starts to hear the hateful sounds of Beethoven, and goes into his sickness fits. No exits, No escapes. His only way out is to jump out of the closed window and end his life. He does just that. Alex wakes in a hospital. The author was jailed for attempted murder, and the government officials that started the program were ridiculed and harassed out of their positions. Alex finds himself broken and hurt, but his thoughts are that of the Ultra-Violence. Alex was cured and ready to live again. Aspects of Psychology In A Clockwork Orange, Alex is portrayed as two different people living within the same body. As a mischievous child raping the world, he as se en as filth. His actions and blatant disrespect towards society are categorized under that of the common street bum. However, when he is away from his evening attire, he is that of suave. His clothing, his words, his overall attitude. The distinction between the two is triggered by the gentle sounds of Ludwig Van Beethoven. The psychology of Alex would be that of a serial killer. He is a classic example of Darwins, Skinners, Freuds, Eriksons, and Adlers major theories. Alex is not truly close to any other person that he comes in contact with in the film. He is using his parents for a place to live, and they show no emotion towards him, good or bad. His love for his gang is not that of a male/male platonic relationship that is common in brotherhoods. It is that of a marriage of like interests, when the parties involved loathe each other personally. Society is against him for all his mortal sins. The only living creature that he shows love for is his snake. Darwins theory of man havin g the same thought processs of animals holds an interesting bearing upon Alex. Alexs love is for his snake. Generally love is defined by an understanding, or a closeness between two items. The snake is represented by many things in the natural world today. Freuds analyzation for the male closeness to the snake is that the person involved is questioning his sexuality, or his love towards the female gender. Alex keeps coming back to his snake after his nights on the town, and his first concern with life after he is paroled is his dear snake. This, combined with the fact that keeps his snake in a chest under his bed ( the most recognized sexual item in an average household), shows his inadequacies with his sexual performance and his penis. He feels that by keeping in contact with his snake, he will be more of a man then he already is, thus making him more noticeable and attractive towards the opposite sex. Therefore, Alex doesnt view his snake as an equal, but as a greater being capabl e of becoming a close friend and a security blanket. The snake is also used in many different cultures to represent the evil and hate that man kind dwells on. When something evil happens, culture blames all of its fears upon the snake, the idol of fear. The love that Alex feels for his snake could fall under the love of understanding. With this love, Alex feels that he can relate to his snake, and to what society views the snake as. Alex finds the snake to represent sin and the hate that spawned the world as we know it today. In Genesis, the serpent convinced eve to disobey her god and to eat an apple from the tree of life, thus causing man to not be eternal, and for womans childbirth to be complex and painful. In Christianity, the snake is the originator of sin. Alex feels that he is the modern bringer of sin. Alex often finds himself in many situations where he is surrounded with scenes of graphic sex or some sort of phallic reference. After a night of Ultra-Violence, Alex and his droogs find themselves relaxing at the Karova Milk Bar drinking Milk Plus, Milk Plus Dreminol, and Milk Plus Synthemesc. The bar is adorned with images and sculptures of naked women in various positions of sexual encounters, all of which with exaggerated colors and lengths of fluffy hair. This corresponds with Harlows experiments with monkey babies finding comfort in soft items in times of distress. Alex finds comfort in the fluffy hair and softness of the environment of the bar. When he has committed an act of distressing nature, be it violence or everyday normal occurrences, he retreats to Karova to bring him a feeling of warmth, satisfaction, and justification of his previous deeds. This form of relaxation is common from children of broken homes. Freud believes that the self-image within a man is shaped in the first 5 years of life. With the response that Alexs parents give to him in his home-life, it is obvious that they did not offer much love to the growing child. By Freuds b elief, if the child does not receive the proper love from a mother that it should, it will find other means to replace the comfort that a mother provides. Alexs comfort was the violence and the pleasure brought from a night completed. There is no reference in the movie about Alexs parents being his natural born parents, or if one of them died and remarried. My beliefs are that Alexs natural born mother was beaten and eventually left his father. Alex was in the middle of this action, and like Banduras findings, the child imitates the action that he views and takes it as natural, thus using it in everyday life. Alexs aggression upon society are truly the natural urges and feelings that he experiences, thus making him normal, being unaware of the wrongs that his violence induces. In a Freudian aspect, this could explain a vast majority of his aggression that he displays. His actions interpret his hatred towards his father for being the reason he lacks a parental security blanket. As qu oted in one of the first few scenes: †¦and in the mess of wobbly chaos the drunken old malchek had found himself lying in, he had managed to be able to push out an ugly lyric or two. Now, the one thing that I truly hate in the world is a drunken old malchek singing out the songs of his father with an occasional blurp,blurp in between., this shows his loath for 1) Disrespect for music. 2) Drunks, and 3) Men in his fathers image. The music was his salvation, for it could snap him in and out of his dementia. The music was used in a pseudo-Pavlov experiment to eliminate Alexs love for violence. In the experiment, Alex ingested a serum that would induce a deathlike paralysis. While the serum was taking effect, he was bombarded with sights of violence and the sweet sounds of Ludwig Van Beethoven, both leaving an impression in his psyche, relating the sickness to the sights and sounds that he was subjected to. In Pavlovs experiments, his major goal was to prove that he could train a s ubject to give a conditioned response with no reinforcement. This was accomplished by training a dog to salivate when he heard a bell ring. The dog was use to the sound of a ringing bell before receiving his food. Eventually, Pavlov removed the food from the experiment, but the dog retained the conditioned response of salivating whenever he heard the bell ring. Thus a conditioned response without positive nor negative reinforcement. Alexs conditioned response was to fall to the sickness when subjected to Beethoven. With the sickness being the conditioned response, there is no Reinforcement because the sounds of Beethoven were not intentional, thus not needing reinforcement. However, Alexs trauma could also be referred to as a Skinner approach to treatment. Skinners theory was that one could achieve a conditioned response by giving the subject positive or negative reinforcement. In his experiments, a mouse was put in a cage with nothing but a pressable button and a light. When the ba r was depressed, the light flashed and food was delivered into the cage. If the mouse were dropped into a similar cage, it would be safe to assume that it would retain the reaction to hit a bar and receive food. The conditioned response was to hit the bar when hungry. The reinforcement was the food that was provided by completing the response. In Alexs case, the reinforcement would be the metal satisfaction of not going through with his violent needs when he is subjected to violent surroundings. In conclusion, the theories used as a basis behind Stanley Kubriks A Clockwork Orange, resemble that of the theories that came from the greater thinkers of modern time. Alex, the guinea pig in this tale, is a classic example of many psychologists case studies, and could be analyzed differently from each. 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